缩小广西城乡居民收入差距的实证研究和对策建议

文章通过剖析广西城乡居民收入差距现状,从收入构成视角分析城乡居民收入差距的成因,提出了缩小城乡居民收入差距的对策。     

通货膨胀、劳动力市场与工资率走势

当前的通货膨胀,属内外结合的复合型通胀。本文提出劳动年龄人口供给变动的三个阶段：第一阶段是2010年以前的总体过剩阶段,表现为劳动力买方市场,工资率被人为压低;第二阶段是劳动年龄人口占比越过峰值,但尚未达到绝对数量峰值,劳动力市场由供大于求向供求平衡转变,工资率处于劳资博弈状态;第三阶段是2017年以后,即占比和绝对数量总体短缺阶段,工资率将呈持续上涨趋势。当前处于第二阶段,由于劳动年龄人口供大于求的逐步结束和工资欠账较多,工资率理应有一个较大幅度的提升;不过要适度,因为总体上还处于劳动力由供大于求向供求平衡转变;更要着眼于实际工资的提升,因为仅仅名义工资的提升是有害的,对通胀治理不利。     

居民收入差距与财政政策的关联度

改革开放以来,我国城乡经济获得较大的发展,城乡居民的收入水平有了很大的提高,城乡关系也得到了逐步改善,但城乡居民收入差距过大问题依然存在。财政是政府发挥作用的重要方式和手段,有其不可替代的功能,在缩小城乡居民收入差距、促进农民增收过程中担负着重要使命。建议加大财政对农业的总量投入,优化财政支农资金结构,加大财政对农村公共品供给的投入,完善现行财政管理体制。     

技术革新、产业层级分工与工资差异

本文在一般均衡的框架中,运用匹配与分类的思想,综合考虑了技术变革所引起的沟通成本的降低和技术进步对劳动力技能产生的“技能贬值”效应,将技术进步、产业组织结构变化与工资差距三者相结合建立模型。该模型能够将产业组织架构内生化,对不同能力的员工进行生产职能分配,并能给出技术变革与工资水平差距的内在联系;同时,本文利用珠三角的经济发展事实对以上模型结论提供了经验证据。     

Women,Ecology and Economics,edited by Ellie Perkins

This paper finds that black women earn 7 percent less than similarly skilled white women because of their race. Even within the same occupational category, black women earn 3 percent less than similarly qualified white women. Black women receive lower pay primarily due to occupational segregation and because they are rewarded with lower earnings than white women for equivalent levels of education and other human capital characteristics.     

The cost of deviating from the optimal monetary policy: A panel VAR analysis

Exploiting the panel VAR GMM estimator's features, macroeconomic country factors are combined with micro-economic bank data to test for the risk taking channel in the Euro Area. According to prior expectations based on an extended DSGE model, the analysis demonstrates that the monetary policy incentives bank risk taking by increasing the bank leverage, but it is not able to influence the level of credit risk. However, deeper investigations indicates the Taylor gap adds to the bank risk appetite in all its forms, while regarding the reactions to target variables, movements in the interest rate smooth the bank risk.     

外汇监管套利研究：基于外汇差额缺口视角

2008年全球金融危机后，学术界一致认为监管套利是导致危机的重要原因。当前，外汇管理处于渐进性改革中，放松外汇管制和人民币国际化步伐加快，外汇监管套利迅速发展。本文以进出口、收付汇、结售汇差额缺口为度量指标，对差额缺口的构成、影响因素进行分析，对外汇监管套利行为进行研究，在此基础上得出研究结论。     

Endogenous human capital formation,distance to frontier and growth

We examine human capital's contribution to economy-wide technological progress through two channels – imitation and innovation – innovation being more skill-intensive than imitation. We develop a growth model based on the endogenous ability-driven skill acquisition decision of an individual. It is shown that skilled human capital is growth enhancing in the “imitation-innovation” regime and in the “innovation-only” regime whereas unskilled human capital is growth enhancing in the “imitation-only” regime. Steady state exists and, in the long run, the economy converges to the world technology frontier. In the diversified regime, technological progress raises the return to ability and generates an increase in wage inequality between and within groups – consistent with the pattern observed across countries.     

“Moving” land across borders: spatial shifts in land demand and immiserizing effects

The rush for land acquisition has attracted considerable attention from the scientific community, although actual research on the topic remains thin. This paper attempts to break new ground by studying the potential effects of land deals in the context of a small open economy subject to exogenous shocks. In particular, it makes three main arguments: first, an increase in world prices of the agro-business sector causes skewed effects in the subsistence sector; second, an attractive premium offered by hosts to lure investors may have immiserizing effects; and third, technological efforts will have favorable effects if host countries adopt policies to revitalize agriculture.     

居民收入差距的财政调节:绩效测度与因素分析——基于辽宁城镇居民视角的分析

采用统计年鉴权威数据,运用统计与计量研究方法,对辽宁城镇居民收入差距的财政管理绩效进行测度与分析。研究表明2002年以来辽宁城镇居民收入差距未能得到有效缓解和控制,财政管理手段对城镇居民收入差距调节低效,甚至存在负效应;辽宁城镇居民收入差距的静态来源和动态趋势存在各自特征,其中财产性收入的影响与调控值得关注,经营性收入亟待重视。最后依据测度结论及辽宁经济社会发展实际,提出改善辽宁居民收入结构的政策取向和对策建议。